Football hooliganism in the United Kingdom

Hooliganism incidents in the 1970s led to fences being built at football grounds, such as this at Kenilworth Road, Luton (1980)

Beginning in at least the 1960s, the United Kingdom gained a reputation worldwide for football hooliganism; the phenomenon was often dubbed the British or English Disease.[1][2][3][4][5][6] However, since the 1980s and well into the 1990s the UK government has led a widescale crackdown on football related violence. While football hooliganism has been a growing concern in some continental European countries in recent years, British football fans now tend to have a better reputation abroad. Although reports of British football hooliganism still surface, the instances now tend to occur at pre-arranged locations rather than at the matches themselves.

  1. ^ Asser, Martin (19 June 2000). "Analysis: Soccer violence an international problem". BBC News. Retrieved 3 November 2020.
  2. ^ "A Day Of Horror And Shame". Sports Illustrated. 10 June 1985. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  3. ^ "FIG FACT-SHEET FOUR: HOOLIGANISM". Football Industry Group, University of Liverpool. Archived from the original on September 13, 2008. Retrieved March 20, 2011.
  4. ^ Stott, Clifford; Pearson, Geoff (2007). Football Hooliganism: Policing the War on the English Disease. Pennant Books. ISBN 978-1-906015-05-3.
  5. ^ Cacciottolo, Mario (April 6, 2007). "The return of the English disease?". BBC News. Retrieved March 20, 2011.
  6. ^ "Another sorry outbreak of the English disease". The Independent on Sunday. London. June 17, 2004. Archived from the original on April 11, 2008. Retrieved March 20, 2011.

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